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          EEPW首頁(yè) > 嵌入式系統(tǒng) > 牛人業(yè)話 > 小梅哥和你一起深入學(xué)習(xí)FPGA之DAC驅(qū)動(dòng)

          小梅哥和你一起深入學(xué)習(xí)FPGA之DAC驅(qū)動(dòng)

          作者: 時(shí)間:2015-08-05 來(lái)源:網(wǎng)絡(luò) 收藏

            線性序列機(jī)計(jì)數(shù)器Cnt1的控制代碼如下:

          本文引用地址:http://cafeforensic.com/article/278347.htm

            以下是代碼片段:

            always @(posedge Clk or negedge Rst_n)

            if(!Rst_n)

            Cnt1 <= 5'd0;

            else if(Cnt_State == DO_CNT)

            begin

            if(Cnt1 == 5'd25)

            Cnt1 <= 5'd0;

            else if(Cnt2 == Cnt2_Top)

            Cnt1 <= Cnt1 + 1'b1;

            else

            Cnt1 <= Cnt1;

            end

            else

            Cnt1 <= 5'd0;

            其中,涉及到了兩個(gè)狀態(tài),當(dāng)Cnt_State = 0時(shí),表示沒(méi)有轉(zhuǎn)換請(qǐng)求,即系統(tǒng)處于空閑狀態(tài),不工作,當(dāng)外部有轉(zhuǎn)換請(qǐng)求時(shí),則系統(tǒng)進(jìn)入轉(zhuǎn)換狀態(tài),每當(dāng)計(jì)數(shù)使能信號(hào)到來(lái)時(shí),Cnt1自加一,當(dāng)Cnt1=25后,表明一次轉(zhuǎn)換完成,將計(jì)數(shù)器清零,同時(shí)狀態(tài)跳回空閑態(tài),等待下一次使能信號(hào)的到來(lái)。具體的狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)移圖如下所示:

            

           

            圖2 系統(tǒng)狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)移圖

            該狀態(tài)機(jī)的代碼對(duì)應(yīng)如下:

            以下是代碼片段:

            always @(posedge Clk or negedge Rst_n)

            if(!Rst_n)

            Cnt_State <= IDEL;

            else

            begin

            case(Cnt_State)

            IDEL:

            if(Do_DA)

            Cnt_State <= DO_CNT;

            else

            Cnt_State <= IDEL;

            DO_CNT:

            if(Cnt1 == 5'd25)

            Cnt_State <= IDEL;

            else

            Cnt_State <= DO_CNT;

            default:;

            endcase

            end

            因此,我們,只需要將Do_DA給出1個(gè)時(shí)鐘周期的高脈沖,即可啟動(dòng)一次轉(zhuǎn)換。同時(shí),在檢測(cè)到該脈沖時(shí),模塊內(nèi)部會(huì)將數(shù)據(jù)端口Data上的數(shù)據(jù)讀入到內(nèi)部數(shù)據(jù)寄存器中,代碼如下:

            以下是代碼片段:

            always@(posedge Clk or negedge Rst_n)

            if(!Rst_n)

            Data_r <= 10'd0;

            else if(Do_DA)

            Data_r <= Data;

            else

            Data_r <= Data_r;

            同時(shí),為了產(chǎn)生1MHz的時(shí)鐘,系統(tǒng)中使用了一個(gè)計(jì)數(shù)器Cnt2來(lái)專(zhuān)門(mén)產(chǎn)生該信號(hào),該計(jì)數(shù)器對(duì)系統(tǒng)時(shí)鐘進(jìn)行計(jì)數(shù),如當(dāng)系統(tǒng)時(shí)鐘為50M(周期為20ns)時(shí),Cnt2計(jì)數(shù)到24,即計(jì)數(shù)了500ns,產(chǎn)生一個(gè)時(shí)鐘周期的標(biāo)志信號(hào),則Cnt1在檢測(cè)到這個(gè)標(biāo)志信號(hào)后,便會(huì)自加1,因此,該標(biāo)志信號(hào)出現(xiàn)兩次則表明計(jì)時(shí)1000ns,對(duì)應(yīng)時(shí)鐘頻率為1Mhz,即芯片數(shù)字接口的時(shí)鐘頻率。該部分代碼如下:

            以下是代碼片段:

            always @ (posedge Clk or negedge Rst_n)

            if(!Rst_n)

            Cnt2 <= 5'd0;

            else if(Cnt_State == DO_CNT)

            begin

            if(Cnt2 == Cnt2_Top)

            Cnt2 <= 5'd0;

            else

            Cnt2 <= Cnt2 + 1'b1;

            end

            else

            Cnt2 <= 5'd0;

            為了兼容不同的系統(tǒng)時(shí)鐘,這里采用參數(shù)化定制,得出對(duì)應(yīng)的計(jì)數(shù)最大值,具體代碼如下:

            以下是代碼片段:

            Localparam system_clk = 50_000_000; /*系統(tǒng)時(shí)鐘*/

            Localparam Cnt2_Top = system_clk / 1_000_000 / 2 - 1; /*500ns技術(shù)器計(jì)數(shù)最大值*/

            系統(tǒng)時(shí)鐘設(shè)置為50M,則計(jì)數(shù)最大值為50000000/1000000/2– 1 = 24,當(dāng)系統(tǒng)時(shí)鐘改變后,只需要修改system_clk的值,即可保證Cnt2計(jì)數(shù)一次的時(shí)間為500ns。

            最后,附上主序列中的操作代碼:

            以下是代碼片段:

            always@(posedge Clk or negedge Rst_n)

            if(!Rst_n)

            begin

            _Dout <= 1;

            DAC_Clk <= 0;

            DAC_LOAD <= 1;

            DAC_LDAC <= 1;

            DA_Done <= 1;

            end

            else

            begin

            case(Cnt1)

            0:

            begin

            DAC_Dout <= 1;

            DAC_Clk <= 0;

            DAC_LOAD <= 1;

            DAC_LDAC <= 1;

            DA_Done <= 1;

            end

            1:begin DAC_Dout <= Data_r[10]; DAC_Clk <= 1;DA_Done <= 0;end

            2:DAC_Clk <= 0;

            3:begin DAC_Dout <= Data_r[9]; DAC_Clk <= 1;end

            4:DAC_Clk <= 0;

            5:begin DAC_Dout <= Data_r[8]; DAC_Clk <= 1;end

            6:DAC_Clk <= 0;

            7:begin DAC_Dout <= Data_r[7]; DAC_Clk <= 1;end

            8:DAC_Clk <= 0;

            9:begin DAC_Dout <= Data_r[6]; DAC_Clk <= 1;end

            10:DAC_Clk <= 0;

            11:begin DAC_Dout <= Data_r[5]; DAC_Clk <= 1;end

            12:DAC_Clk <= 0;

            13:begin DAC_Dout <= Data_r[4]; DAC_Clk <= 1;end

            14:DAC_Clk <= 0;

            15:begin DAC_Dout <= Data_r[3]; DAC_Clk <= 1;end

            16:DAC_Clk <= 0;

            17:begin DAC_Dout <= Data_r[2]; DAC_Clk <= 1;end

            18:DAC_Clk <= 0;

            19:begin DAC_Dout <= Data_r[1]; DAC_Clk <= 1;end

            20:DAC_Clk <= 0;

            21:begin DAC_Dout <= Data_r[0]; DAC_Clk <= 1;end

            22:DAC_Clk <= 0;

            23:DAC_LOAD <= 0;

            24:begin DAC_LOAD <= 1; DAC_LDAC <= 0; end

            25:begin DAC_LDAC <= 1; DA_Done <= 1; end

            default:;

            endcase

            end

            該設(shè)計(jì)的仿真結(jié)果如下如所示:

            

           

            由該仿真結(jié)果可知,時(shí)鐘頻率為1MHz,滿足芯片工作要求,其它時(shí)序均與手冊(cè)給出的時(shí)序保持一致。為了設(shè)計(jì)簡(jiǎn)潔,這里將LOAD和LDAC的低電平脈沖時(shí)間都設(shè)置為了500ns,而非最小時(shí)間250ns,這里主要是為了方便序列機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)。當(dāng)然,如此設(shè)計(jì)在一定程度上會(huì)影響DAC 的轉(zhuǎn)換速率,不過(guò)在大多數(shù)應(yīng)用場(chǎng)合已經(jīng)足夠,如需更加高效的設(shè)計(jì),只需要對(duì)代碼稍加修改即可。

            本驅(qū)動(dòng)的testbench編寫(xiě)較為簡(jiǎn)單,這里只附上對(duì)應(yīng)代碼,不做詳細(xì)解釋?zhuān)?/p>

            以下是代碼片段:

            `timescale 1ns/1ns

            module TLC5620_Driver_tb;

            reg Clk;

            reg Rst_n;

            reg Do_DA; /*使能單次轉(zhuǎn)換*/

            reg [10:0]Data;/*{Addr1,Addr0,Range,Data_bit[7:0]}*/

            wire DAC_Dout; /*DAC數(shù)據(jù)線*/

            wire DAC_Clk; /*DAC時(shí)鐘線,最高速度1M*/

            wire DAC_LDAC; /**/

            wire DAC_LOAD; /**/

            wire DA_Done; /*單次轉(zhuǎn)換完成標(biāo)志信號(hào)*/

            TLC5620_Driver u1(

            .Clk(Clk),

            .Rst_n(Rst_n),

            .Do_DA(Do_DA),

            .Data(Data),

            .DAC_Dout(DAC_Dout),

            .DAC_Clk(DAC_Clk),

            .DAC_LDAC(DAC_LDAC),

            .DAC_LOAD(DAC_LOAD),

            .DA_Done(DA_Done)

            );

            initial begin

            Clk = 1;

            Rst_n = 0;

            Do_DA = 0;

            Data = 11'd0;

            #200;

            Rst_n = 1;

            #400;

            Data = 11'b110_1011_1001;

            Do_DA = 1;

            @(posedge DA_Done)

            Data = 11'b110_0000_1111;

            #20

            Do_DA = 1;

            #20;

            Do_DA = 0;

            @(posedge DA_Done)

            Data = 11'b110_1111_0000;

            #20

            Do_DA = 1;

            #20;

            Do_DA = 0;

            @(posedge DA_Done)

            #400;

            $stop;

            end

            always #10 Clk = ~Clk;

            endmodule

            因?yàn)闀r(shí)間關(guān)系,這里只開(kāi)發(fā)了該芯片的驅(qū)動(dòng),并用modelsim對(duì)該驅(qū)動(dòng)進(jìn)行了仿真,詳細(xì)的調(diào)試和應(yīng)用,小梅哥將在下一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中介紹。

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