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style="float:right; display:block; width:70px; text-align:center; font-size:12px; line-height:18px; height:20px; background:#fdfdfd; border:#e89015 solid 1px; border-radius:3px; color:#333;margin-right: 0px;"><a target="_blank">發(fā)布文章</a></span> </div> <div id="auropkb" class="hAd4_Afinal20a_back">  <iframe id='a890e388' name='a890e388' src='https://ad.eepw.com.cn/www/delivery/afr.php?zoneid=88&cb=INSERT_RANDOM_NUMBER_HERE' frameborder='0' scrolling='no' width='660' height='60'><a target='_blank'><img src='https://ad.eepw.com.cn/www/delivery/avw.php?zoneid=88&cb=INSERT_RANDOM_NUMBER_HERE&n=a635e61e' border='0' alt='' /></a></iframe> </div> <div style="margin-top:28px;"></div> <div id="e4y1ds0" class="content" id="contentDiv" style="position:relative;"> <div id="zugu5bf" class="ad_300x180_Afinal13_back">  <iframe id='a225770a' name='a225770a' src='https://ad.eepw.com.cn/www/delivery/afr.php?zoneid=87&cb=INSERT_RANDOM_NUMBER_HERE' frameborder='0' scrolling='no' width='300' height='200'><a target='_blank'><img src='https://ad.eepw.com.cn/www/delivery/avw.php?zoneid=87&cb=INSERT_RANDOM_NUMBER_HERE&n=a576c0a2' border='0' alt='' /></a></iframe> </div> <span id="contentlabels" style="font-size:14px;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">大腦復雜、神秘，研究大腦被認為是人類終極的探索之一。作為最為復雜的科學探索領(lǐng)域，大腦的研究既令人著迷，也同樣令人望而生畏。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br /></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">腦機接口技術(shù)會使人類退化嗎？一旦腦機接口技術(shù)得到應(yīng)用，人類的自由意志會被他人操縱嗎？用人腦去研究人腦，如何克服我們自帶的主觀性？腦機接口是否能釋放人類無限的潛力？</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br /></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">這些問題看起來不切實際、腦洞大開，實則不然。10年前科幻小說和電影里的場景，如今已通過科學技術(shù)照進現(xiàn)實。比如，我們已證實腦機接口技術(shù)可以重建人們的運動能力，大腦損傷的患者靠意念進行簡單交流。近幾年腦機接口技術(shù)頻頻有新的進展出現(xiàn)，但大眾對于腦機接口的感知仍然存在距離。這個復雜的研究領(lǐng)域目前有哪些瓶頸？腦機接口技術(shù)研究探索到了哪一步？有哪些新的技術(shù)出現(xiàn)？</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br /></p><p></p><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" alt="圖片" src="http://editerupload.eepw.com.cn/fetch/202209/0c562255e0e85b18505b9cba3eebcc53.png" /><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br /></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">9月16日，由天橋腦科學研究院（Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Institute, TCCI）主辦的“面向大眾的神經(jīng)技術(shù)”國際論壇，來自中國、美國、德國、荷蘭和新加坡的5位國際知名科學家分享了最前沿的神經(jīng)技術(shù)，深入探討了這些技術(shù)在臨床、心理和康復等領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用進展。普羅大眾最疑惑的問題在論壇中都會有答案，讓我們深入其中，看看這些研究大腦的“最強大腦”們帶來哪些腦機接口的最新進展。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br /></p><span id="ovqqkqm" class="js_img_placeholder wx_widget_placeholder" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; background: var(--weui-BG-3); border-radius: 8px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible; width: 135.391px !important; height: 135.391px !important;"><span id="mqjo2yo" class="weui-primary-loading" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; display: inline-flex; position: relative; width: 1em; height: 1em; vertical-align: middle; color: rgb(96, 96, 96); animation: 1s steps(60) 0s infinite normal none running f; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span id="16w1ul1" class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"></span></span></span><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br /></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;">溯源：</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;">人類解碼大腦的夢想照進現(xiàn)實</strong></p><p></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br /></p><p></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">早在20世紀30年代，自德國精神病學家Hans Berger發(fā)現(xiàn)腦電圖后，科學家們就開始思考這些腦電波代表的意義。此后，人們做了多方面的嘗試。比如，在腦電圖的監(jiān)測下，讓受試者想象字母，拼寫成句，甚至直接想象句子，讓計算機解碼，使患者直接通過“意念”與外界交流。這些在過去的“科幻”，如今正在逐步變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br /></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">目前，侵入性神經(jīng)技術(shù)（如腦深部電極）在臨床主要應(yīng)用于帕金森病和癲癇的治療，雖然它們精確、有效，卻也面臨著政策監(jiān)管、價格昂貴、原理模糊等挑戰(zhàn)。相比之下，非侵入性的技術(shù)（如多導睡眠監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)等）更易獲得批準，但精確性卻欠佳。</p><p></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br /></p><p></p><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" alt="圖片" src="http://editerupload.eepw.com.cn/fetch/202209/2aa61877d194663ac43083ad6756a13c.png" /><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 12px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（Gerwin Schalk教授介紹通過應(yīng)用神經(jīng)技術(shù)解碼人類語言的研究）</strong></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br /></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">在論壇中，天橋腦科學研究院應(yīng)用神經(jīng)技術(shù)前沿實驗室（TCCI Frontier Lab）主任Gerwin Schalk教授形象地解釋了腦科學家的工作：“這就像在一個體育場外面放一個話筒，你很難聽到場館內(nèi)的聲音。但如果我們在這個體育場外面放滿了話筒，就可以收集到更多的信息，這就是我們現(xiàn)在在做的事情?！?/p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br /></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">雖然百年來神經(jīng)技術(shù)應(yīng)用已得到了飛速發(fā)展，但真正適用于病患和大眾的成功案例甚少，從實驗室研究到最終應(yīng)用之間還有很長的路，需要多學科的融合和共建。Schalk教授團隊開發(fā)的腦機接口研究系統(tǒng)成績斐然。傳統(tǒng)的電刺激檢測腦功能區(qū)域可能需要好幾個小時，Schalk教授團隊開發(fā)的系統(tǒng)只需要數(shù)分鐘。如今，這套系統(tǒng)已在世界范圍內(nèi)得到了廣泛應(yīng)用。面向未來，Schalk教授希望能在天橋腦科學研究院（TCCI）繼續(xù)研究適合中國大規(guī)模人群腦機接口技術(shù)，例如針對漢語言的作用腦區(qū)作深入研究。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br /></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">腦科學領(lǐng)域雖然復雜，但一直都在螺旋上升前行。作為頂尖的腦科學家，Schalk教授認為腦科學的探索需要務(wù)實，而不是僅僅停留在漂亮的概念與設(shè)計上?？茖W界必須做出持續(xù)的、系統(tǒng)性的努力，向著解決實際問題的方向出發(fā)。腦科學領(lǐng)域的深入探索能讓我們以全新的維度認識大腦。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br /></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br /></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">元腦：</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">用數(shù)字技術(shù)模擬人類大腦</strong></p><img alt="圖片" src="http://editerupload.eepw.com.cn/fetch/202209/61b3484951e0f9baa740f7bf4f8b4c6c.png" /><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br /></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">如果往大腦深處行進，應(yīng)用數(shù)字技術(shù)來還原大腦的動態(tài)狀況，構(gòu)建一個數(shù)字大腦，可以形象地認識與探索大腦。例如在疾病狀態(tài)下，大腦會產(chǎn)生一系列變化，如果能建立一個與之相對應(yīng)的數(shù)字大腦，還原疾病的動態(tài)發(fā)展演變過程，或許就能幫助我們更好地明白其機制，準確預判并開發(fā)出更精準的治療方案。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br /></p><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" alt="圖片" src="http://editerupload.eepw.com.cn/fetch/202209/4185ab8508804044a58ad4079fd348d8.png" /><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 12px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（洪波教授介紹元腦的概念和元腦動態(tài)系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)成）</strong></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br /></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">論壇中，清華大學生物醫(yī)學工程系洪波教授分享了“元腦（Meta Brain）”的新興概念和他的團隊在這個領(lǐng)域上所做的相關(guān)工作?！澳阋苍S很難想象無數(shù)美麗的數(shù)學公式能夠解釋人類大腦的運作機理?！痹跁校瑩?jù)洪波教授介紹，元腦的構(gòu)想是利用腦機接口技術(shù)建立大腦的動態(tài)數(shù)字模型，來幫助提升理解大腦的功能運作，重現(xiàn)生理、病理過程，最終達到應(yīng)用目的。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br /></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">而元腦得以快速發(fā)展的機遇則是乘上了前沿技術(shù)發(fā)展的快車，包括神經(jīng)影像學、腦電生理和計算機技術(shù)等，無一不在助陣元腦研究的深入。洪波教授介紹了許多科學家在腦數(shù)字重建上做過的工作，如靜態(tài)元腦、動態(tài)激發(fā)元腦，乃至于動態(tài)的癲癇大腦。這些腦數(shù)字重建的點滴工作都在為構(gòu)建未來的疾病數(shù)字大腦、數(shù)字孿生大腦夯實基礎(chǔ)。 </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br /></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">在腦機接口技術(shù)不斷發(fā)展的過程中，其中最大的爭議是來自倫理的風險。腦科學領(lǐng)域的倫理討論聲音有很多，支持者和反對者各自都有站得住腳的立場。作為腦科學領(lǐng)域的資深科學家，洪波教授提出了一種解決思路。洪波教授認為在目前，腦機接口還處于研究階段，所有的研究實驗都必須通過受試者的知情同意，所以暫時倫理學風險較小。在未來，如果腦機接口技術(shù)得到了大規(guī)模應(yīng)用，人的大腦或意識能被潛伏、探測甚至遠程侵入的風險增高，可能會造成嚴重的社會問題。或許在將來，我們可以從基因編輯的倫理學風險中借鑒一些針對腦機接口技術(shù)應(yīng)用的倫理處理方法。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br /></p><img alt="圖片" src="http://editerupload.eepw.com.cn/fetch/202209/46512b51666d75e544cb831054d5513a.png" /><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">腦機接口+心理：</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">重建心靈溝通橋梁</strong><br /></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br /></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">目前全世界有20%的人經(jīng)受著神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)紊亂的影響，其中一半和心理健康相關(guān)，影響近10億人。對此目前主要的治療方式是****物治療和心理治療，但患者往往需要長時間的治療才能產(chǎn)生效果。而腦機接口在心理健康的治療中具備巨大的潛力。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br /></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">例如腦機接口技術(shù)在臨床閉鎖綜合征的應(yīng)用。據(jù)荷蘭烏得勒支大學醫(yī)學中心Nick Ramsey教授介紹，閉鎖綜合征可以發(fā)生在運動神經(jīng)元病、卒中、肌萎縮側(cè)索硬化癥等疾病晚期，患者意識清醒，但全身只有眼皮可以活動，難以和外界交流，十分痛苦。為了提升這類患者的生命質(zhì)量，Ramsey教授的團隊開展了多年研究。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br /></p><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" alt="圖片" src="http://editerupload.eepw.com.cn/fetch/202209/da8205911de9d0573022b8299f1c2c1c.jpeg" /><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 12px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（Nick Ramsey教授介紹從腦機接口技術(shù)中獲益的閉鎖綜合征患者案例）</strong></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br /></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">Ramsey教授的團隊為閉鎖綜合征患者創(chuàng)建了能幫助他們獨立自主與外界交流的家用腦機接口設(shè)備。此前，他們已經(jīng)為一位58歲的晚期閉鎖綜合征患者應(yīng)用了這一系統(tǒng)，通過解碼軟件算法，患者反復練習后能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)每分鐘輸入約兩個字母，準確率接近90%。相關(guān)病例于2016年發(fā)表在《新英格蘭醫(yī)學雜志》上。如今6年多過去了，這位患者依舊在使用該設(shè)備，每日使用時間可達20小時，該設(shè)備已經(jīng)成為患者與外界溝通的唯一渠道。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br /></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">除此之外，Ramsey教授也介紹了其他幾種能幫助患者與外界直接交流的技術(shù)研究進展，比如，通過檢測人類發(fā)聲器官（如咽喉、下頜、舌等的運動）來解碼語言；通過腦機接口直接解碼患者想要表達的語句，并呈現(xiàn)在屏幕上。這些腦機接口的新進展為許多腦科學領(lǐng)域的研究者和患者打上了強心劑，為大家?guī)硐Ｍ?。在心理疾病的治療外，腦機接口在臨床中的康復治療一直備受矚目。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br /></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br /></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">腦機接口+康復：</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">幫助患者重拾生活信心</strong></p><img alt="圖片" src="http://editerupload.eepw.com.cn/fetch/202209/61b3484951e0f9baa740f7bf4f8b4c6c.png" /><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br /></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">將腦機接口和神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)技術(shù)相融合，不僅能幫助我們發(fā)現(xiàn)腦震蕩、腦功能和行為之間的重要聯(lián)系，也能極大改善患者的運動功能。腦機接口技術(shù)是一種非常有效的臨床康復工具。</p><p></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br /></p><p></p><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" alt="圖片" src="http://editerupload.eepw.com.cn/fetch/202209/6fbbcc56c95e8ea0a005e2ee4a1d49ab.png" /><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 12px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（Soekadar教授展示運動障礙者在接受腦機接口技術(shù)應(yīng)用后恢復活動的案例）</strong></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br /></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">柏林大學醫(yī)學中心的Soekadar教授團隊研制的非侵入性腦機接口+外骨骼的搭配應(yīng)用，可以通過解碼大腦的運動指令并定向施加刺激，使嚴重脊髓損傷導致運動障礙的病人重拾一些自理技能，如抓取、吃飯、喝水等一系列日?；顒?。在實際的應(yīng)用中，一些運動障礙病人通過這項技術(shù)能夠完成部分的生活自理活動，大幅改善了患者的生活質(zhì)量。雖然目前侵入式腦機接口技術(shù)仍存在感染出血、未經(jīng)永久使用許可、需要手術(shù)及價格昂貴等諸多挑戰(zhàn)，但腦機接口+外骨骼在臨床上的應(yīng)用價值巨大。越來越多的臨床試驗正在驗證腦機接口在康復訓練方面的前景。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br /></p><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" alt="圖片" src="http://editerupload.eepw.com.cn/fetch/202209/3e18e5281cdbf6f35368b9c613506335.png" /><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 12px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（Soekadar教授談下一代腦機接口技術(shù)突破的展望）</strong></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br /></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">談到下一代的腦機接口技術(shù)，Soekadar教授認為可以做到把工作記憶、情感調(diào)節(jié)和運動-感覺互動整合到系統(tǒng)中去，達到適應(yīng)性的腦功能刺激，實現(xiàn)腦功能的穩(wěn)定與提升。在康復訓練研究之外，團隊腦機接口的研究也在朝重建精神健康的方向進發(fā)，實現(xiàn)未來情感調(diào)節(jié)和運動康復的整合。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br /></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">新加坡南洋理工大學計算機科學與工程學院關(guān)存太教授認為腦機接口可用于功能恢復的理論基礎(chǔ)是神經(jīng)可塑性（Neuroplasticity）。所謂的神經(jīng)可塑性指的是大腦在受到損傷之后，能夠持續(xù)不斷地重塑神經(jīng)元之間的連接。而神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病的康復即是通過有目的地刺激大腦從而達到部分功能的恢復。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br /></p><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" alt="圖片" src="http://editerupload.eepw.com.cn/fetch/202209/04b6e400a13e137fc726402308374485.png" /><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 12px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（關(guān)存太教授介紹基于深度學習等算法的新型非侵入腦機接口技術(shù)研究結(jié)果）</strong></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br /></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">關(guān)存太教授使用腦機接口技術(shù)對卒中患者進行有目的的運動康復訓練，并且關(guān)存太教授也提出除了運動康復以外，腦機接口可以幫助卒中后病人進行精神心理方面的康復。在關(guān)存太教授團隊的研究中，基于深度學習等算法的新型非侵入腦機接口技術(shù)，可以使得卒中患者的理解準確率，從傳統(tǒng)腦機接口技術(shù)的68.6%上升到近90%。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br /></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">團隊通過研究腦機接口康復技術(shù)在兒童多動癥、老年人認知功能下降、社交焦慮及廣泛焦慮方面的探索中發(fā)現(xiàn)，受試者能夠在完成指定任務(wù)中得到實時反饋，從而通過多次量化的反饋與訓練，達到改善注意力、強化認知、緩解焦慮等成果。這些實驗的成果不斷鼓舞著腦科學領(lǐng)域的科研人員，也給患者帶來了生存質(zhì)量提升的福音。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br /></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">在這場論壇中，我們看到了腦機接口最前沿的技術(shù)研究，最新的落地情形。腦科學家們將前沿實驗室里的腦機接口技術(shù)從理論帶到了臨床，為許多生存質(zhì)量堪憂的患者帶來希望，也為普羅大眾打開了眺望未來大腦的窗口。腦疾病的探索、腦科學的研究讓我們正在接近腦內(nèi)深處的“黑洞”世界，雖然過程艱難、路途遙遠，但腦科學研究正在積蓄勢能，一步一步走向未來。</p><p></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: right; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; 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